Finance Article2 Example

Essays on Finance Article2 Article Finance Article The Reason for Writing the Article Ever since the financial crisis has engulfed the United s, there is a common belief that China has surpassed the U.S and has become the worlds leading economy. The authors main aim is to thrash this misconception prevailing among ordinary Americans. The Key Question in the Article Ever since 2009, it is a common perception among the people of U.S and media that U.S. economy is not a leading economy. Author has tried to prove through numbers that this is not at all correct. Most Important Information In order to substantiate his argument, the author speaks about unemployment rate and Gross Domestic Product numbers that prevailed in 2009. According to the author, U.S. unemployment rate was 9 percent; in contrast, as reported by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China had unemployment rate of 9.4 percent before the full impact of the economic crisis really began. The author is of the opinion that true Chinese unemployment is certainly more than 20 percent. The author stresses that American unemployment rate is certainly not worse than Chinese unemployment rate. In 2009, the U.S GDP was $15 trillion in contrast to Chinese GDP that stood at $5 trillion. This difference in GDP was in spite of the huge population difference. On income front, per capita income of U.S citizen was $48,000 compared to average Chinese income of less than $4,000. The difference is huge by any respect. Many economists measure the GDP in terms of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) as that reflects true buying power of the currency in the respective countries. This could be the reason for many to believe that Chinese economy is bigger than that of U.S; however, the author dismisses even this argument stating that after adjusting for purchasing power of the Chinese currency, the GDP of China is calculated as $10 trillion in 2010. This is still lesser by $5 trillion when compared with U.S economy. The Main Conclusions Current American economy is much bigger than Chinese economy. The Chinese economy may surpass U.S economy by 2025 or before. Chinese growth rate will slow down in a decade or so for the reason of ageing population after 2035 and due to lesser natural resources. Key Concepts Key concepts in this article are GDP, Purchasing power parity and unemployment rate. GDP is a measure of the size of the economy for any country. This is a sum of income of all the citizens within the country. Purchasing power parity is an important concept to equate the economy of two countries. It measures the purchasing power of the currency in the respective countries. For example, currency exchange rate is 1dollar=6.35 Yuan; however, for equivalent goods of basket, what an average American can buy in 1 dollar that can be purchased by an average Chinese in around 3 Yuan. Thus, Chinese GDP from PPP point of view inflates from $5 trillion to almost $10 trillion. Main Assumptions Chinese figures with regard to the GDP and inflation are less precise. Currently the Chinese unemployment rate is more than 20 percent. By 2035, Twenty percent of the Chinese population will be age 65 or above. China is a resource scarce country. China is far more dependent on metals and grain. China’s natural resources are falling short of U.S. The Main Point of View The main point of view of the author is that the American economy is still bigger than the Chinese economy and the difference is at least 2:1 in that order. Opinion I fully agree with the author’s viewpoint that the current American economy is much bigger than the Chinese economy because the GDP statistics from all the angles including the purchasing power point of view suggest so and also that the Chinese economy may surpass the U.S economy before 2025 at least from the purchasing power perspective. Reference Scissors, Derek (2011); U.S. vs China: which economy is bigger, better?, Reuters, online November 16 2011, http://blogs.reuters.com/india-expertzone/2011/04/15/u-s-vs-china-which-economy-is-bigger-better/

Hiv Prevention Free Essays

HIV/AIDS LIFE SKILLS – EDC 121 – TONI SYLVESTER Nataniel P. Marthinus Student Nr. 3142910 Assignment 1 Due Date: 01 March 2011 INTRODUCTION1 Eight Fundamental considerations or steps to be followed before and after administering a blood test for HIV. We will write a custom essay sample on Hiv Prevention or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 Voluntary Counseling Testing1 Food and Nutrition1 Prevention Onward Transmission of HIV1 Follow-up Counseling1 Stigma Discrimination2 Spiritual Support2 Sexually Transmitted Infections2 Palliative Care2 Strategies for the provision of HIV-related Treatment, care and support services2 Ensuring the continuation of education (EDC121 Course Reader: 41)2 Providing psychosocial support for children (EDC121 Course Reader: 42)2 Treatment education at school2 Successful school-based HIV/AIDS treatment, care and support programmes3 Caring School Environment3 Child Centered Programmes3 Build on existing services3 Community Involvement3 The UNAIDS (2000) article4 Demographic effects4 Health effects4 Family-life effects4 Welfare effects4 Education effects4 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS5 REFERENCES6 INTRODUCTION HIV/AIDS is the fastest growing epidemic here in Africa. In fact, the virus is so widespread you will find people with the virus all over the world. According to statistics in November 2007, people living with HIV AIDS around the world are the most in Africa. It also shows that the disease occurs mostly around infants who acquire the virus from their mother. (EDC121 Course Reader: 55). I will be discussing various topics concerning the virus. Eight Fundamental considerations or steps to be followed before and after administering a blood test for HIV. Voluntary Counseling Testing Through counseling and knowledge of the virus, it could help a person with following a healthy lifestyle so that he or she can live longer and prevent other infections. People who learn that they are negative could learn to change their behavior towards people living with the virus. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Food and Nutrition Good nutrition only cannot keep a person permanently healthy. Nevertheless it may help lengthen the lifespan of a person living with HIV. Nutrition plays a huge role in the medication process of a person living with HIV. It can also increase the risk of HIV transmission from mother to baby. EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Prevention Onward Transmission of HIV Counseling on sexual behavior is advised. Provide condoms and must have a supportive environment. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Follow-up Counseling HIV affects all aspects of a person’s life. It can help someone understand, live with and accept their status. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Stigma Discriminati on Stigma is fueled by mythical concepts. Thus it is a barrier to prevent future infections and further treatment. Communities have a various concepts around AIDS and how the virus is spread. This indicates a lack of knowledge and understanding towards the disease. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Spiritual Support Support from spiritual leaders and priests may be comforting. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Sexually Transmitted Infections STI co-contribute to HIV transmission. If treated, it can help reduce AIDS spread through sexual intercourse and can keep a person healthier for longer. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Palliative Care Because of a lack of health infrastructure there are insufficient Palliative care institutes for people who are approaching the end of their lives. Palliative care provides comfort and support for people who are terminally ill and helps people die a comfortable death. (EDC121 Course Reader: 37) Strategies for the provision of HIV-related Treatment, care and support services Ensuring the continuation of education (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Providing psychosocial support for children (EDC121 Course Reader: 42) Treatment education at school HIV-positive learners and educators will need support in their workplace and the learning environment so that they can get treatment whilst on school grounds. Here are a few related issues: * Treatment support for HIV-positive students; * Support for students and teachers to visit medical centers for checkups; * How the affects of the treatment will impact on the learner and educators ability to teach and learn; * Adapting to the curricula of HIV AIDS so that the learners and teachers wont teach information that is out of date; * Educating students about treatment and the harm caused caused by stigma and discrimination so that they can give better support to their parents and families. (EDC121 Course Reader: 43) * Home-based care and education Across Southern Africa, in many schools students and teachers are providing outreach work to support the community members. This support can be categorized as follows: * Learners supporting sick members of the community; * Educators proving home-based educations to sick students. (EDC121 Course Reader: 43) * Universal precautions (EDC121 Course Reader: 44) * Support for basic needs (EDC121 Course Reader: 44) * Teaching livelihood skills (EDC121 Course Reader: 45) * Social grants (EDC121 Course Reader: 45) Successful school-based HIV/AIDS treatment, care and support programmes Caring School Environment It is a work-based policy based on the rights of children. * The recreation of opportunities for staff and students. (EDC121 Course Reader: 46) Child Centered Programmes * Policies reflecting a rights-based approach. * Children and young people should be involved in the design and carrying out of the programmes. (EDC121 Course Reader: 46) Build on existing services * Uniting HIV element s with existing policies rather than letting it stand alone. (EDC121 Course Reader: 46) Community Involvement * Policies that are developed with close consultation with members of the community. Strategy development including more help of men in the care and support system. * Socioculturally sensitive policies without compromising the shared fundamental traits of the programme. (EDC121 Course Reader: 46) The UNAIDS (2000) article Demographic effects Half of South Africa’s population are children and more then 60% of them live in poverty. Because there is an association between poverty levels and HIV infection, this percentage can serve as a figure for the number of children with AIDS. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Health effects Children that lives in an infected community struggles with ill health and poor nutrition. In rural areas children’s nutritional status suffers because they are dependant on household labour. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Family-life effects The household traditional structures is changing in communities that are affected and children that are vulnerable need to adapt to the demands of a non-traditional family and further deepening poverty. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Welfare effects Economically families and households are very hard hit by this. Because of illnesses and poor health productive family members they are often unable to work. Families are poor and are more vulnerable by the cost of illness and care. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Education effects Poor attendance in school already characterizes the landscape of South African education. HIV-infected children do not want to go public with their status. They do not want to feel ashamed at school. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Psychosocial effects Children’s psychosocial hardship and emotional shock is often not as visible as other problems but central importance. There are various difficult challenges that children have to face such as grief, loss of identity, stigma, rejection, death, etc. EDC121 Course Reader: 41) Orphanhood effects Disrupted families and death of parents and close relatives have created a huge number of abandoned South African children. By some calculations the number of orphans will have grown 9-12% of the countries population by 2015. (EDC121 Course Reader: 41) UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS Precautions basically include: – Caring for wou nds- Have emergency supplies on hand – Cleaning up blood spills- Gloves – Safely disposing of medical supplies- Medicines (EDC121 Course Reader: 44) REFERENCES EDC121 Course Reader, 2011 How to cite Hiv Prevention, Essay examples

Economics Supply and Demand and Price Elasticity Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Pull a circular-flow diagram. Identify the parts of the theoretical account that correspond to the flow of goods and services and the flow of dollars for each of the undermentioned activities. a. Sam pays a storekeeper $ 1 for a quart of milk. b. Sally earns $ 4. 50 per hr working at a fast nutrient eating house. c. Serena spends $ 7 to see a film. d. Stuart earns $ 10. 000 from his 10 per centum ownership of Acme Industrial. 2. What is a competitory market? Briefly describe a type of market that is non absolutely competitory. 3. What are the demand agenda and the demand curve and how are they related? Why does the demand curve incline downward? 4. Popeye’s income diminutions. and as a consequence. he buys more Spinacia oleracea. Is spinach an inferior or a normal good? What happens to Popeye’s demand curve for Spinacia oleracea? 5. What are the supply agenda and the supply curve and how are they related? Why does the supply curve incline upward? 6. Does a alteration in producers’ engineering lead to a motion along the supply curve or a displacement in the supply curve? Does a alteration in monetary value lead to a motion along the supply curve or a displacement in the supply curve? 7. Describe the function of monetary values in market economic systems. 8. List and explicate the four determiners of the snap of demand. 9. How did snap aid explicate why drug interdiction could cut down the supply of drugs. yet perchance increase drug related offenses? 10. For each of the undermentioned braces of goods. which good would you anticipate to hold more elastic demand and why? a. Required text editions or enigma novels b. Beethoven recordings or classical music recordings in general c. Heating oil during the following six months or heating oil during the following five old ages d. Root beer or H2O 11. Suppose that concern travellers and vacationists have the undermentioned demand for air hose tickets from New York to Boston: PRICE QUANTITY DEMANDEDQUANTITY DEMANDED( BUSINESS TRAVELERS ) ( VACATIONERS ) $ 15021001000200200080025019006003001800400 a. As the monetary value of tickets rises from $ 200 to $ 250. what is the monetary value snap of demand for: I ) Business travellers?two ) Vacationers?Use the center method in your computations.B. Why might vacationists have a different snap than concern travellers? 12. The New York Times reported ( Feb. 17. 1996. p. 25 ) that subway ridership declined after a fare addition: â€Å"There were about four million fewer riders in December 1995. the first full month after the monetary value of a item increased 25 cents to $ 1. 50. than in the old December. a 4. 3 percent diminution. † a. Use these informations to gauge the monetary value snap of demand for subway drives. B. Harmonizing to your estimation. what happens to the Transit Authority’s gross when the menu rises? c. Why might your estimation of the snap be undependable? 13. Two drivers–Tom and Jerry–each drive up to a gas station. Before looking at the monetary value. each topographic points an order. Tom says. â€Å"I’d like 10 gallons of gas. † Jerry says. â€Å"I’d like $ 10 worth of gas. † What is each driver’s monetary value snap of demand? 14. Economists have observed that disbursement on eating house repasts declines more during economic downswings than does passing on nutrient to be eaten at place. How might the construct of snap aid to explicate this phenomenon? 15. See public policy aimed at smoke. a. Surveies indicate that the monetary value snap of demand for coffin nails is about 0. 4. If a battalion of coffin nails presently costs $ 2 and the authorities wants to cut down smoke by 20 per centum. by how much should it increase the monetary value? B. If the authorities for good increases the monetary value of coffin nails. will the policy have a larger consequence on smoking one twelvemonth from now or five old ages from now? c. Studies besides find that adolescents have a higher monetary value snap than do grownups. Why might this be true? 16. Explain why the followers might be true: A drouth around the universe raises the entire gross that husbandmans receive from the sale of grain. but a drouth merely in Kansas reduces the entire gross that Kansas husbandmans receive. 17. See a consecutive line demand curve which goes through the points ( p=12. 70. q=2200 ) and ( p=12. 50. q=2300 ) . a. Calculate arc snapB. At each of the two points calculate point snapc. Calculate point snap at a monetary value of 12. 60. 18. See the demand curve P = 300 – . 6Q. Calculate the snap of demand at P = 200. 19. â€Å"An addition in the demand for notebooks raises the measure of notebooks demanded. but non the measure supplied. † Is this statement true or false? Explain. 20. See the market for minivans. For each of the events listed here. place which of the determiners of demand or supply are affected. Besides indicate whether demand or supply is increased or decreased. Then demo the consequence on the monetary value and measure of minivans. a. Peoples decide to hold more kids. B. A work stoppage by steelmakers rises steel monetary values.c. Engineers develop new machine-controlled machinery for the production of minivans. d. The monetary value of station waggons rises.e. A stock-market clang lowers people’s wealth. 21. During the 1990s. technological progress reduced the cost of computing machine french friess. How do you believe this affected the market for computing machine for computing machines? For computing machine package? For typewriters? 22. Because beigels and pick cheese are frequently eaten together. they are complements. a. We observe that both the equilibrium monetary value of pick cheese and the equilibrium measure of beigels have risen. What could be responsible for this pattern–a autumn in the monetary value of flour or a autumn in the monetary value of milk? Illustrate and explicate your reply. B. Suppose alternatively that the equilibrium monetary value of pick cheese has risen but the equilibrium measure of beigels has fallen. What could be responsible for this pattern–a rise in the monetary value of flour or a rise in the monetary value of milk? Illustrate and explicate your reply. 23. An article in The New York Times described a successful selling run by the Gallic bubbly industry. The article noted that â€Å"many executives felt dizzy about the stratospheric bubbly monetary values. But they besides feared that such crisp monetary value additions would do demand to worsen. which would so do monetary values to immerse. † What error are the executives doing in their analysis of the state of affairs? Illustrate your reply with a graph. 24. Emily has decided ever to pass tierce of her income on vesture. a.What is her income snap of dressing demand?B. What is her monetary value snap of dressing demand?c. If Emily’s tastes alteration and she decides to pass merely one-quarter of her income on vesture. how does her demand curve alteration? What are her income snap and monetary value snap now? 25. Pharmaceutical drugs have an inelastic demand. and computing machines have an elastic demand. Suppose that technological progress doubles the supply of both merchandises ( that is. the measure supplied at each monetary value is twice what it was ) . a. What happens to the equilibrium monetary value and measure in each market? B. Which merchandise experiences a larger alteration in monetary value? c. Which merchandise experiences a larger alteration in measure?d. What happens to entire consumer disbursement on each merchandise? 26. Because better conditions makes farmland more productive. farming area in parts with good conditions conditions is more expensive than farming area in parts with bad conditions conditions. Over clip. nevertheless. as progresss in engineering have made all farmland more productive. the monetary value of farming area ( adjusted for overall rising prices ) has fallen. Use the construct of snap to explicate why productiveness and farming area monetary values are positively related across infinite but negatively related over clip. 27. From initial places of equilibrium ( in each instance ) . bespeak the effects of demand and supply alterations ( as indicated ) on monetary value and measure. Individually graph the initial demand and supply curves. so the changed curves. and note the effects on monetary value and measure. Change ofresults inChange of demandsupply pricequantitya. ++B. +=c. +-d. =+e. ==f. =-g. -+h. -=I. – 28. Changes in equilibrium monetary value and measure have been observed–what alterations in supply and demand would account for these observed alterations? ObservedCauses ( s )PriceQuantity SupplyDemanda. + +B. + –c. – +d. – –29. Suppose that the demand for some merchandise is extremely ( monetary value ) rubber band. but non absolutely elastic. and that the supply is ( monetary value ) inelastic. but non absolutely inelastic. If supply decreases. what will go on to entire outgos ( grosss ) on the merchandise? Illustrate utilizing demand and supply curves. 30. Suppose the market demand for pizza is given by [ movie ] and the market supply for pizza is given by [ movie ] . where P=price ( per pizza ) . a. Graph the demand supply agendas for pizza utilizing $ 5 through $ 15 as the value of P. B. In equilibrium. how many pizzas would be sold and at what monetary value? c. What would go on if providers set the monetary value of pizza at $ 15? Explain the market accommodation procedure. d. Suppose the monetary value of beefburgers. a replacement for pizza. doubles. This leads a doubling of the demand for pizza ( at each monetary value consumers demand twice every bit much pizza as earlier ) . Write the equation for the new market demand for pizza. e. Find the new equilibrium monetary value and measure of pizza.